The review also reported a cut-off of 27 or 28 points for MMSE to detect mild cognitive impairment (with a low and wide range of sensitivity rates). A systematic review 11 reported that a large body of studies suggested a general cut-off between 23 and 24 or between 24 and 25 to screen for dementia, which could be appropriate for most primary care populations. 11 Clinical significance is considered to be a change in score of 1.4 to 3 points. 9 – 11 The MMSE has a raw score range of 0 to 30 and typically uses a cut-off of scores below 23 to suggest likely cognitive impairment, 12 although the specific cut-off that is recommended varies based on age and education level. 6 – 8Ĭognitive impairment is commonly assessed using screening tools such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog). Studies from the United States have reported prevalence ranging from 9.9% to 35.2% among adults aged 70 or older. 5 Published Canadian cohort prevalence rates for mild cognitive impairment are not available. 4 The reported prevalence of mild cognitive impairment varies because of several factors, such as the diagnostic test score (i.e., cut-off) used to define mild cognitive impairment, age at the initial assessment and length of follow-up. 1 The incidence of dementia among Canadian adults aged 65–79 years is population and rises with age (to 2 among those aged 85 or older). 2, 3 Although some people with mild cognitive impairment may be at higher risk of dementia than others with the diagnosis, over time some will remain stable and a few will show improvements in their cognitive abilities. Mild cognitive impairment is noticeable but does not substantially affect daily function, whereas dementia involves cognitive changes that are severe enough to affect daily function. 1Ĭognitive impairment occurs in a continuum, starting with aging-related cognitive decline, transitioning to mild cognitive impairment and ending with dementia. 1 The most common cognitive functions affected by age are memory and perception, which in some cases may have an impact on more complex cognitive functions such as decision-making and language. Older adults may perform as well as younger adults in some or all cognitive domains, and some may even perform better. These changes, however, do not equally affect all cognitive domains or all people. As people age, changes to the structure and the function of the brain may result in cognitive decline.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |